Anacardiaceae
Anacardiaceae R.Br. comprises approximately 80–85 genera and over 850 species, distributed mainly in tropical and subtropical regions, with a few representatives extending into temperate areas. Molecular phylogenetic studies have confirmed the monophyly of the family and clarified relationships among its major tribes and genera. Anacardiaceae is closely allied to Burseraceae within Sapindales and is distinguished by its resin-producing secretory canals and economically important fruit-bearing species.
Key characteristics
- Anacardiaceae consists primarily of deciduous or evergreen trees and shrubs
- Members of the family characteristically possess resin ducts or secretory canals containing milky
- Leaves are alternate, exstipulate, and simple or more commonly pinnately compound, with entire
- Inflorescences are usually terminal or axillary panicles bearing numerous small
- Flowers are generally bisexual or unisexual, actinomorphic, and usually pentamerous
- The fruit is most commonly a drupe, often containing a single seed enclosed within a hard
Distribution
Anacardiaceae is widely distributed throughout the tropical, subtropical, and warm temperate regions of the world. The family exhibits its greatest diversity in tropical America, sub-Saharan Africa, South and Southeast Asia, and Madagascar. Species occur in diverse habitats including tropical rainforests, monsoon forests, dry deciduous woodlands, savannas, Mediterranean shrublands, mangroves, and semi-arid regions. Numerous economically important species are extensively cultivated beyond their native ranges. In Pakistan, Anacardiaceae is represented by both wild and cultivated genera, including Mangifera, Pistacia, Rhus, Cotinus, and Schinus (introduced). Native species are distributed throughout the country, while cultivated mangoes are widespread in the plains of. Wild representatives occur in dry subtropical forests, mountain valleys, rocky slopes, and temperate woodlands, particularly in the northwestern and western regions of the country.