ClimberCultivatedPerennialMedicinal

Vitis vinifera L.

Angoor · Grapes

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Description

Vitis vinifera is a woody perennial climbing vine (liana), commonly cultivated on supports. The plant develops long flexible stems with tendrils that help it climb. Young stems are green and herbaceous, becoming brown and woody with age. The bark of older stems becomes rough and flaky. Leaves are: Simple Alternate Palmately veined Usually 3–5 lobed Broadly ovate 5–20 cm wide The leaf margin is irregularly toothed, and the lower surface may be hairy. Leaves are deciduous in temperate climates. Tendrils arise opposite the leaves and are modified inflorescence structures, helping the vine attach to supporting structures. Flowers are: Small. Greenish-white. Bisexual (in cultivated varieties). Arranged in branched clusters (panicles). The flowers have: Small cup-shaped calyx. Five petals fused at the tip and opening like a cap. Five stamens. Superior bicarpellary ovary. The fruit is a berry (grape), produced in clusters. Berries vary greatly in colour: Green. Yellow. Red. Purple-black. Each berry contains several seeds, although many commercial cultivars are seedless.

Diagnostic Characters

Vegetative

Woody climbing vine. Opposite tendrils. Large palmately lobed leaves.

Floral

Small greenish flowers. Branched inflorescences.

Fruit & Seed

Clusters of juicy berries. Variable fruit colour.

Distribution

Native range: Native to Mediterranean region, Western Asia, Europe, Distribution in Pakistan. Widely cultivated in Balochistan, Punjab, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Northern areas. Important grape-growing regions Quetta Valley, Pishin, Swat, Gilgit-Baltistan.

Ethnobotany & Uses

Uses

Food Importance ⭐. Grapes are among the world's most important fruit crops. Used as Fresh fruit, Raisins, Juice, Jams, Fermented products.

Nutritional Value

Fruits contain Natural sugars, Vitamin C, Potassium, Polyphenols, Anthocyanins.

Medicinal Importance

Grape products contain bioactive compounds Resveratrol. Associated with Antioxidant activity, Cardioprotective effects, Flavonoids. Including Quercetin, Anthocyanins.

Industrial Importance

Major source of Wine production, Grape seed oil, Natural pigments.

Cultural Importance

Grape cultivation has ancient importance in Mediterranean agriculture, Traditional medicine, Human civilization.

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Where it grows on campus

West Campus1

individuals mapped across 1 zone

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