TreeCultivatedPerennialMedicinal

Terminalia arjuna (Roxb. ex DC.) Wight & Arn.

Arjan

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Description

Terminalia arjuna is a large deciduous tree, usually 20–30 m tall, with a broad spreading crown and smooth grey bark that exfoliates in thin flakes. Leaves are simple, opposite to sub-opposite, oblong to elliptic, leathery, and clustered toward the ends of branches. Flowers are small, greenish-white, fragrant, and borne in axillary spikes. Fruits are woody, ovoid, and distinctly five-winged.

Diagnostic Characters

Vegetative

Large tree with smooth peeling bark and opposite leathery leaves.

Floral

Small fragrant greenish-white flowers in axillary spikes.

Fruit & Seed

Large woody fruits with five prominent wings.

Distribution

Native range: Indian subcontinent.

In Pakistan: Widely cultivated and naturally occurring in Pakistan, especially along riverbanks and canals.

Phenology

Flowering

Fruiting

Flowering: April–July Fruiting: September–January

Ethnobotany & Uses

Medicinal Uses

Bark is one of the most important Ayurvedic medicines for treating cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, and heart disorders.

Timber Uses

Wood is used for furniture, agricultural implements, and construction.

Environmental Uses

Frequently planted for erosion control and shade.

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Where it grows on campus

West Campus6South Campus4East-South-East Campus2North-North-West Campus13

individuals mapped across 4 zones

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Taxonomic Notes

Terminalia arjuna is readily recognized by its smooth exfoliating bark and five-winged fruits. It is one of the most important medicinal trees of South Asia and is accepted by Flora of Pakistan, POWO, and WFO.

References

World Flora Online.