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HerbWildPerennialMedicinal

Euphorbia indica Lam.

Hazar dani
Synonym: Chamaesyce indica (Lam.) Small

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Description

Euphorbia indica is a small annual herbaceous plant, usually 10–40 cm long, with a prostrate to ascending growth habit and numerous branches spreading close to the ground. The stem is slender, cylindrical, green to reddish, and produces white milky latex when injured. Leaves are simple, opposite, elliptic to oblong-ovate, usually 0.5–3 cm long, with finely serrated margins, an asymmetric base, and a smooth to slightly hairy surface. Flowers are very small, unisexual, and arranged in compact axillary clusters of cyathia. The cyathia are characteristic of Euphorbia, consisting of reduced male and female flowers enclosed within a cup-like involucre. Fruits are small, smooth, three-lobed capsules that mature rapidly and contain three small seeds.

Diagnostic Characters

Vegetative
Small creeping herb. Opposite leaves. Asymmetric leaf base. Milky latex present.
Floral
Axillary cyathia. Reduced unisexual flowers. Typical Euphorbia reproductive structure.
Fruit & Seed
Smooth three-lobed capsule. Three seeds per capsule.

Distribution

Native range: Native to South Asia. Distributed in Tropical Asia, Southeast Asia, Other tropical regions as a naturalized weed.

In Pakistan: Commonly recorded from. Usually found in Gardens, Roadsides, Cultivated fields, Waste places.

Phenology

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Flowering
Fruiting
Flowering: Spring–autumn Fruiting: Summer–autumn

Ethnobotany & Uses

Medicinal Importance
Traditionally used for Skin problems, Minor wounds, Inflammation, Digestive disorders. Reported phytochemicals include Flavonoids, Terpenoids, Phenolic compounds.
Agricultural Importance
Common weed in cultivated lands. Produces abundant seeds. Easily colonizes disturbed habitats.
Ecological Importance
Component of ruderal plant communities. Provides resources for small insects. Toxicity the latex may cause Skin irritation, Eye irritation, Allergic reactions.
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Where it grows on campus

This species is on the campus floristic list but was not pinned during the GPS mapping survey, so it has no map records yet.

Taxonomic Notes

Euphorbia indica belongs to the former Chamaesyce group of Euphorbia, characterized by opposite leaves and creeping growth forms. It can be distinguished from Euphorbia hirta by its smaller size, less hairy stems, and smoother appearance.