ClimberCultivatedPerennialMedicinal

Combretum indicum (L.) DeFilipps

Jhumka bail

Synonym: Quisqualis indica L

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Description

Combretum indicum is a vigorous woody climbing shrub, usually reaching 5–10 m in length. Leaves are simple, opposite, elliptic to ovate, glossy green, and entire. Flowers are fragrant, tubular, and borne in long pendulous terminal clusters. They open white, gradually turn pink, and finally become deep red with age. Fruits are ellipsoid, dry, and distinctly five-winged, containing a single seed.

Diagnostic Characters

Vegetative

Woody climber with opposite glossy leaves.

Floral

Fragrant tubular flowers that change color from white to pink to red.

Fruit & Seed

Five-winged dry fruits containing a single seed.

Distribution

Native range: Tropical Asia.

In Pakistan: Commonly cultivated throughout Pakistan as an ornamental climber.

Phenology

Flowering

Fruiting

Flowering: April–October Fruiting: July–November

Ethnobotany & Uses

Ornamental Uses

Popular ornamental vine valued for its fragrant, color-changing flowers.

Medicinal Uses

Leaves, fruits, and seeds are traditionally used as an anthelmintic and for treating diarrhea, fever, and skin diseases.

Ecological Importance

Flowers attract bees, butterflies, and other pollinating insects.

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Where it grows on campus

South Campus1West Campus1North-North-West Campus2

individuals mapped across 3 zones

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Taxonomic Notes

Formerly known as Quisqualis indica, this species is now placed in the genus Combretum based on molecular evidence. It is readily recognized by its fragrant flowers that change from white to pink and finally red. The accepted name follows Flora of Pakistan, Plants of the World Online (POWO), and World Flora Online (WFO).