Salicaceae
Salicaceae Mirb. Following modern molecular phylogenetic studies have greatly expanded the family beyond its traditional circumscription (formerly containing only Salix and Populus) by incorporating members of the former Flacourtiaceae. The family currently comprises approximately 55–60 genera and 1,000–1,100 species. It is distributed worldwide, particularly in temperate and tropical regions. Members are characterized by woody growth forms, alternate leaves, dioecious flowers, superior ovaries, and capsules or berries.
Key characteristics
- Trees or shrubs
- Leaves alternate and stipulate
- Plants usually dioecious
- Flowers unisexual
- Flowers commonly arranged in catkins
- Perianth absent or highly reduced
- Ovary superior
- Fruit usually a capsule with silky-haired seeds
Distribution
Salicaceae has an almost cosmopolitan distribution. Major centres of diversity include Northern Hemisphere temperate regions, Europe, Central Asia, China, North America, Tropical forests (expanded Salicaceae). Species occur in Riverbanks, Wetlands, Floodplains, Temperate forests, Alpine valleys, Riparian ecosystems. Salicaceae is widely distributed throughout, Himalayan region, Karakoram, Hindu Kush, Indus River basin, Swat, Chitral, Kaghan Valley. Common habitats include Riverbanks, Irrigation canals, Marshes, Moist valleys, Floodplains, Mountain streams. Representative Pakistani genera include Salix, Populus, Casearia, Flacourtia, Xylosma.